The Food and Drug Administration on Friday issued an emergency authorization for a new test to detect Covid-19 infections — one that stands apart from the hundreds already authorized.
Unlike tests that detect bits of SARS-CoV-2 or antibodies to it, the new test, called T-Detect COVID, looks for signals of past infections in the body’s adaptive immune system — in particular, the T cells that help the body remember what its viral enemies look like. Developed by Seattle-based Adaptive Biotechnologies, it is the first test of its kind.
Adaptive’s approach involves mapping antigens to their matching receptors on the surface of T cells. They and other researchers had already shown that the cast of T cells floating around in an individual’s blood reflects the diseases they’ve encountered, in many cases years later. The next step is trying to unlock that information to help diagnose those past infections.
That challenge is extremely data-heavy. “When you think about a patient level, we’re looking at 300,000 to 400,000 T cells, on average,” said Lance Baldo, Adaptive’s chief medical officer. “When you look at a population level we’re looking at hundreds of millions, and then ultimately billions of T cells. So it ends up being a web scale problem.”
